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The Allies decided to move next against Italy, hoping an Allied invasion would remove that fascist regime from the war, secure the central Mediterranean and divert German divisions from the northwest coast of France where the Allies planned to attack in the near future. After 38 days of fighting, the U. The stepping stone to its mainland would be the island of Sicily, in part because the Allies could depend on fighter cover from air bases on British Malta, 60 miles south of Sicily and recently freed from a siege by Axis forces.
The invasion was assisted by some subterfuge. Hitler studied the captured plans carefully, and, taking full advantage of their top-secret details, directed his troops and ships to reinforce the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, west of Italy, against an impending Allied invasion.
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There was only one problem: The recovered body—which was not a Royal Marine but actually a homeless man from Wales who had committed suicide—and its documents, were an elaborate British diversion called Operation Mincemeat. By the time Hitler redirected his troops in the summer ofa massive Allied invasion force was sailing to Sicily. The invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky, began before dawn on July 10,with combined air and sea landings involvingtroops, 3, ships and 4, aircraft, all directed at the southern shores of the island.
This massive assault was nearly cancelled the day when a summer storm arose and caused serious difficulties for paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines that night. By the afternoon of July 10, supported by shattering naval and aerial bombardments of enemy positions,Allied troops reached the Sicilian shores, bringing along tanks. The landings progressed with Lieutenant General George S. Patton commanding American ground forces and General Bernard L. Montgomery leading British ground forces.
Allied troops encountered light resistance to their combined operations. Even several days into the attack he was convinced that it was a diversionary maneuver and continued to warn his officers to expect the main landings at Sardinia or Corsica.
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The Axis defense of Sicily was also weakened by losses the German and Italian armies had suffered in North Africa, in casualties as well as the several hundred thousand troops captured at the end of the campaign. Meanwhile, jarred by the Allied invasion, the Italian fascist regime fell rapidly into disrepute, as the Allies had hoped.
Hitler instructed his forces to make contingency plans for withdrawal but to continue to fight fiercely against the Allied advance. As July turned to August, Patton and Montgomery and their armies battled against determined German troops dug into the mountainous Sicilian terrain. The U. As Patton and Montgomery closed in on the northeastern port of Messina, the German and Italian armies managed over several nights to evacuatemen, along with vehicles, supplies and ammunition, across the Strait of Messina to the Italian mainland.
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When his American soldiers moved into Messina on August 17,Patton, expecting to fight one final battle, was surprised to learn that the enemy forces had disappeared. The advance against the Italian mainland in September would take more time and cost the Allies more troops than they anticipated. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Beyond their goal of crushing Italian Axis forces, the Allies wanted to draw German troops away from Blitzkrieg is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare deed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air support.
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Such an attack ideally le to a quick victory, limiting the loss of soldiers and Although Rommel would later become known for his bold battlefield tactics, his sister described him as a gentle and docile. Developing an interest in mathematics and engineering, he co-built a full-size glider at age The instability created in Europe by the First World War set the stage for another international conflict—World War II—which broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating.
Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Educated at West Point, George S. Patton began his military career leading cavalry troops against Mexican forces and became the first officer ased to the new U. Promoted through the ranks over the next several decades, he Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. Recommended for you. How the Union Defended Washington, D. During the Civil War. Daniel Webster.
Primary sources
Churchill Prepares for German Invasion of Britain. D-Day Invasion.
Nazi Broadcaster Defends Poland Invasion. Report on D-Day Invasion. Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare deed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air support. George S.
